Zakynthos - a brief history

Zakynthos, also known as Zante, is one of the most well-known Greek islands in the Ionian Sea, with a rich and diverse history shaped by various civilizations and cultures over the centuries. Its strategic location in the Mediterranean, combined with its natural beauty, made it a desirable destination for numerous empires, each leaving their mark on the island.

Ancient History

The earliest evidence of human habitation on Zakynthos dates back to the Neolithic period (around 5000 BCE). However, it was in the Bronze Age (1600-1100 BCE) that the island began to flourish, influenced by the Minoan civilization from Crete. Zakynthos was later part of the Mycenaean civilization, and evidence of this period can be found in archaeological sites, including ruins, pottery, and inscriptions.

The island was mentioned by Homer in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, where it was referred to as the homeland of the hero and poet, Dardanus, who was said to have been the founder of the royal family of Troy. According to legend, Zakynthos was founded by the son of Dardanus, who settled the island, making it a centre of culture and commerce. In the 8th century BCE, Zakynthos became part of the larger Greek world, particularly under the influence of Corinth, which led to the development of the island’s first urban centres.

Roman and Byzantine Periods

Zakynthos was later absorbed into the Roman Empire, where it flourished under Roman rule. As with many other Greek islands, the Romans appreciated Zakynthos for its agricultural products, including wine and oil, and the island became an important supplier in the Mediterranean.

Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Zakynthos became part of the Byzantine Empire. During the early Byzantine period, the island continued to be an important trading hub, and its strategic location meant it was frequently targeted by various foreign invaders. This tumultuous period also saw the construction of several fortresses and religious buildings, many of which still stand today.

Venetian Rule

In 1484, the island fell under the control of the Venetians after a period of instability and brief Ottoman control. Venetian rule lasted for over three hundred years, shaping Zakynthos’ identity, and leaving a lasting imprint on its architecture, culture, and traditions. The Venetians fortified the island with the construction of numerous castles, including the prominent Castle of Zakynthos, which served as a defensive stronghold.

During this time, Zakynthos became an important administrative centre in the Ionian Islands. The Venetians introduced many Western influences, including Renaissance art, and played a key role in the development of the island’s economy, particularly through the cultivation of citrus fruits and the export of wine.

Ottoman and Modern Era

After the fall of Venice in 1797 to Napoleon’s forces, Zakynthos was briefly occupied by the French, then by the Russians, and eventually fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire in 1821, following the Greek War of Independence. Zakynthos played a key role in the fight for Greek independence, and its people were fiercely loyal to the cause.

In 1864, after centuries of foreign rule, Zakynthos became part of the newly unified Kingdom of Greece. Over the following century, the island experienced periods of prosperity, particularly during the 20th century, when tourism began to grow. Zakynthos also endured the devastation of World War II, including bombings and a strong presence of Italian and German forces.

Today, Zakynthos is known for its beautiful landscapes, beaches like Navagio Beach, and its vibrant tourism industry. Its history of resilience and cultural fusion continues to be reflected in its people, landmarks, and traditions. The island remains an important cultural and historical symbol in Greece, preserving its legacy while embracing the modern world.